Unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands
Key points
(No.9 Middle School Tang Hao)
一、重点语法:
1. 情态动词should的用法
情态动词和原型连用,多表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度,但情态动词和完成时连用(should + have +过去分词)时,则表示过去本应该做某事。而实际上该动作并未做,暗示说话人对自己或他人的责备、抱怨或遗憾的意思。
eg: I should have studied hard.我本应该好好学习。
“shouldn’t + have + 过去分” 表示过去“本不应该……”而实际上做了的动作。
eg: You shouldn’t have told anyone about it. 你本来不应该告诉任何人。
2. suppose的用法
suppose动词,意为“想,认为”, 常见用法如下:
①be supposed to do sth.意为“被期望做某事,应该做某事。”
eg: You are supposed to go to school on time. 你应该按时去上学。
②在口语中,常用否定结构“be not supposed to do sth.” 意为“不允许做某事,不应该做某事”
eg: They are not supposed to smoke here. 他们不应该在这里抽烟。
③suppose +(that) 从句,表示“猜测,以为,假定”当变为否定句时,否定词应该前移到主句上。类似用法的词还有think, believe 等.
eg: I don’t suppose (that) he will tell you about it.
我认为他不会告诉你这件事。
I don’t think he will come. 我想他不会来了
④suppose+名词或代词+to do /be… 意为“认为……是……”。
eg: I suppose him to go shopping. 我猜他去购物了。
Everyone supposes him to be very poor. 大家都认为他很穷。
二、重点句子:
1.You’re supposed to shake hands.
【要点解读】be supposed to do… 表示被希望或(按规则或惯例)被要求做某事,含有必须、应该或理应做某事的意义,常译为“被期望/ 理应做……”。相当于should do…或be expected to do…其否定句式是 be not supposed to do…常用于口语中,意为“不应当做,不被允许做……”。相当于should not do…或be not allowed to do…如:
The train was supposed to arrive ten minutes ago.
Students are not supposed to play basketball in the classroom.
2. 【要点解读】Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
①Where I’m from 是一个由where引导的地点状语从句。如:
Sit where I can see you.
②relaxed 意为“(描述人)放松的,宽松的,轻松自在的”。be relaxed about表示在某方面随意或做某事很轻松。如:
He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.
You just need to be relaxed about this regular examination.
3. If you tell a friend you’re going to their house for dinner, it’s okay if you arrive a bit late.
【要点解读】①a bit作副词,表示程度,后接形容词、副词或其比较级形式,
引时可与 a little 互换使用。如:
The sweater looks a bit / a little large.
This question is a bit / a little easier than that one.
②a little 修饰不可数名词,而a bit 则需加上of才可修饰不可数名词。如:
Why not drink a little orange?
This morning he only had a bit of milk for breakfast.
4. ①Spending time with family and friends is very important to us.
②Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
【要点解读】①句中的下划线部分是动词的-ing 形式短语作主语,谓语用单数。句意是:与亲朋好友共度时光对我们很重要。又如:
Practicing speaking English every day helps to improve your spoken English.
②句中的下划线部分是动词的-ing形式作状语,表示伴随状况。句意是:通常我们只在市中心走动,尽可能多见到一些朋友。又如:
We usually walk together, talking about something we are interested in.
此外,as… as sb can意为“尽可能……”,相当于as…as possible. 如:
Run as fast as you can.
5. In Brazil, you should wipe your mouth with your napkin every time you take a drink.
【要点解读】名词短语用作连词,引导时间状语从句,类似用法的还有each
time, last time, next time, any time等。如:
Every time Tom calls, I always seem to be studying.
6.It’s even better than I thought it would be.
【要点解读】副词even修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示“甚至更,愈加,还”,
类似的词还有much, far, a little, a lot等。如:
You know even less about it than I do.
It was cold yesterday, but it’s much colder today.
7.They go out of their way to make me feel at home.
【要点解读】go out of one’s way to do sth 意为“特地(不怕麻烦地)做某事”。如: It’s kind of you to give me a ride home, but don’t go out of your way.
三、重点单词与短语
1. be supposed to do sth. 的用法
be supposed to do 是被动结构,意为“应该做……,被期望做……”。这一结构常用来表示主语被期望或被要求做某事,相当于should.
2. for the first time
表示有生以来或一段时间中第一次做某事。
the first time 意为“第一次,首次”, 其重点不是要说第一次做了什么,而是要叙述另一个动作或情况,强调到说话时为止某一情况或动作的次数。
eg: This is the first time I have traveled by plane.这是我第一次乘飞机旅行。
3.shake hands 意为“握手”。
shake 常用做及物动词,意为“摇动,震动”。其过去式为:shook,过去分词为 shaken. 在Shake hands,hand 要用得数形式。“和某人握手”应用shake hands with sb.
【拓展】shake one’s head摇头
4.“Should + have + 过去分词”的用法
should have done sth. 意为“本应该做”(但事实并非如此)。
eg: You should have finished your homework. 你本应该完成作业的。(实际上没完成)
5. have to
have to, 相当于情态动词must 意为“必须,不得不”,表示客观原因,有人称、时态和数的变化。
【拓展】must 意为“必须,应当”,表主观原因,无人称、时态和数的变化。
drop by 意为“顺便拜访,非正式拜访”。
6.plan
①plan 作动词,意为“计划”,其现在分词和过去式分别为planning ,planned,后常跟名词或不定式作宾语。
②plan作名词,意为“计划”,make plans to do sth表示“制定计划干某事”。
7.a bit
a bit修饰形容词或副词时,相当于a little, 意为“有点儿”。a bit修饰名词时,必须和of 连用,而a little 可直接与不可数名词连用。
8.pick up 的用法
①pick up捡起,拾起
②端起(饭碗)
③收拾,整理
④(用车)接
Pick up 是“动词+副词”结构,若宾主是代词,则必须放在pick与 up之间。
9. stick 的用法
Stick是动词。意为“刺、插”,过去式和过去分词都为stuck.
stick…into…意为“把……插到……里”。
Stick 还可作名词,意为“棍,棒,枝”。
10. point 的用法
⑴作动词,意为(用……)指,指向。
常用短语如下:
①point at 表示近指,at后一般跟动作的目标。
②point to 表示远指,to后一般接动作的方向。
③point out 意为“指出”。
⑵point作名词,意为“要点,论点”。
11.food 在这里是一个不可数名词,意为“食物、粮食、养料”。
We need much food and drink every day.
我们每天需要很多粮食和饮料。
Mr Read had canned food for lunch in the factory.
里德先生在工厂里吃罐头和食品当午饭。
12. instead 是一个副词,表示“代替”。 单独使用时,常置于句末,此时在上文中已经说明了被取代的对象。
I didn’t have a pen, so I used a pencil instead.
我没有钢笔,因此我就用铅笔了。
If you can’t sign your name, make a cross instead.
你如果不会签名,画一个十字也可以。
13.invite意为“邀请”,常用于下面两种结构:
⑴invite sb. to do sth.,意为“邀请某人做某事”。
They invited me to attend the meeting.
他们邀请我们去出席会议
⑵invite sb. to+地名,意为“邀请某人到某地”。
I seldom invite people to my house.
我很少邀请人到我家里来。
⑶invite sb. to+活动名,意为“邀请某人参加某活动”。
I don’t want to invite him to the party.
我不想邀请他来参加聚会。
14.without 意思是“没有,毫不,不”,其后可接名词,代词或V-ing 形式作宾语。其引导的短语在本句中作条件状语,without calling first 相当于if we don’t call first.
Nothing could live without water.
=Nothing could live if there is no water.
没有水什么也活不了。
Without opening the box, you won’t know what’s inside.
=If yo don’t open the box, you won’t know what’s inside.
不打开盒子,你就不会知道里面有什么。
15.somewhere为副词,意为“在某处;到某处”,用于肯定句或疑问句中。
Do you want to go somewhere for dinner?
你想找个地方吃饭吗?
16.mind在文中为及物动词,意为“留意;当心”。此时通常用于神使句。
Mind that step, it’s loose!
当心那块踏板,它松开了!
Mind your head! 小心你的头!
Mind your P’s and Q’s. 注意你的言行。
17.point at意为“指着”,常用于指较近处的物体。用于表示指着人时,注意爱是不礼貌的举动。
“Look,” she said, pointing at a toy in a shop window.
她指着橱窗里的一个玩具说:“你瞧。”
18.walk down 在文中意为“沿着……走”,此时指由近处朝远处走。
Walk down this street and turn left at the first intersection.
沿着这条街一直走,在第一个十字路口向左拐。
19.table manners意为“餐桌礼仪”。 是“礼节、礼仪”的意思,此时不可用单数形式。
Her children all had such good manners.
她的孩子都这样彬彬有礼。
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth.
嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。
20 after all 毕竟,终究,究竟
21. at the table 在餐桌旁/ at table 在吃饭
22. be / get used to…习惯于……
23. drop by…顺便(或偶然)拜访
24. begin with … 以……开始
25. come from…来自……
26. for the first time 初次,第一次
27. have a great time 过得愉快
28. learn…by oneself 自学……
29. make (a)noise 发出令人不愉快的声音
30. make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
31. on Chinese New Year 在中国新年
32. on time 准时,按时
33. point at… 指着、指向、瞄准……
34. shake hands 握手
35. table manners 餐桌礼仪 |